Weekly Reading – The Tree of Life

dvar Korach 5785

G-d requires our cooperation in making the world better; for, He may guide us in the right direction, yet, we must discern and act upon His promptings. Sometimes this may be through intuition, our conscience or awareness of the mitzvot, and how they may apply to the circumstances of our lives. In any case, we must discern between G-d’s will for us according to Torah and hashgacha peratis (divine guidance) versus the unruly emotions and thoughts of our hearts that need to be brought under the reign of shomayim (heaven).

Korach acted upon his own accord, based upon the directive of his own ego. To do so is contrary to G-d. In opposing Moses and Aaron, he was actually going up against HaShem. “Thou and all thy company that are gathered together against the L-RD” (Numbers 16:11). So, there is a right way to follow, under the banner of G-d for the sake of heaven. This was the way of Moses and Aaron, the kohanim and the Levites, whose sanctity was restored in the eyes of the people after the rebellion of Korach and his followers.

If we are to remain in alignment with G-d, then we must put our pride in check. Unlike Korach and his followers, we must not think too much of ourselves, as if we are better than we really are. In doing so, we neglect to see our faults, and, subsequently leave no room for improvement. It is also important to use self-restraint in regard to our aspirations, if they are too much for us.

It is better to remain content with what has been provided for us. “Who is a rich man? He who is content with his lot” (pirkei avos). Korach and his followers descended into the pit. The Talmud records that they did not enter into Olam Haba. If we are content with what we have been provided for in Olam HaZeh, we can look forward to so much more in Olam Haba.

parasha Vayakhel 5785

“Whose heart stirred him…” – Exodus 35:21

The Torah records that those of K’lal Yisrael, the k’hal (congregation) in the desert, whose heart was stirred, brought a material contribution such as gold and jewelry, in order to contribute to the building of the mishkan. Thus, the necessary building material for the mishkan was brought by the Israelites as a freewill offering (35:29).

The phrase, “whose heart stirred him” implies that the person was moved beyond his or her capacity to give, not taking into consideration how much could be given, relative to one’s means. Rather, Ohr HaChayim renders the phrase, נשאו as one who is “carried away” by his heart.

Therefore, according to Ohr HaChayim, there were those who gave in accord with their financial means, and those who gave above and beyond financial considerations. They gave more than a worldly concern for their own livelihood would dictate.

Another way to view this is that rather than limiting the quality of chesed, they gave in abundance. Otherwise, the balance of chesed and gevurah is meant to find the appropriate level of response to any given situation. Sometimes kindness must be limited by discernment; at other times, strictness needs to be alleviated by a measure of kindness. Yet, when we give to a godly cause without consideration of the impact upon us, we excel in our avodah to HaShem.

parasha Tetzaveh 5785

“And Aaron shall bear the names of the children of Israel in the breastplate of judgment upon his heart, when he goeth in unto a holy place, for a memorial before HaShem continually” – Exodus 28:29, JPS 1917 Tanach

As a type if remembrance of the twelve tribes of Israel, so that the merits of the founding fathers of each tribe come before Him continually (Sforno). Thus, the children of Israel will be judged favorably in light of the merits of the progenitors of each tribe. This reliance upon the moral ground of a previous generation is not the norm of society today. Rather, the cultural shift rejects the past in favor of individualized styles and personal paths. Yet, there is something to be said for the norms and traditions of the past. In fact, it is precisely the continuance of values, dor vador generation upon generation that sustains the Jewish people in a world of shifting sands.

Inasmuch that one man, namely Aaron and all subsequent Kohein Gedolim took upon himself to bear the names of the children of Israel, his responsibility as an intermediary between the people and G-d denotes the sacredness of his role. This is also in contrast to the zeitgeist, wherein distrust of authority is rampant. However, we are a people of tradition, dependent upon HaShem and those who represent Him in the best interests of K’lal Yisrael. And who will bear the names of the last generation before Moshiach? It is a monumental role to be fulfilled.

The Lubavitcher movement opted in favor of an emphasis on the individual as a lamplighter, responsible for “lighting the lamps” of Yehudim who are in need of encouragement in the right direction. Even so, ad mosai? We wait longingly, for the Geulah, wherein the fruition of the generations will be revealed, when the Kohein Gadol will once again bear our names. Until then, we are not forgotten, nor forsaken, no matter how rough the challenges are in Olam Hazeh.

parasha Mikeitz 5785

“And they said one to another: ‘We are verily guilty concerning our brother, in that we saw the distress of his soul, when he besought us, and we would not hear; therefore is this distress come upon us.’” – Genesis 42:21, JPS

As conveyed by the midrash, the righteous are content, when submitting to G-d’s retribution in acknowledgment of His Justice. For, His ways are higher than our ways (Isaiah 55). According to R’ Bachya, “It is the customary thing for righteous people to acknowledge mistakes they have made and to acknowledge G-d’s justice when they feel they are being punished for some sin” (R’ Bachya, sefaria.org).

Therefore, how much moreso should we emulate the example of the righteous, by not only acknowledging our mistakes as individuals, rather, also, by accepting the consequences? How many us can accept with equanimity, the consequences of our actions?

As is written elsewhere, concerning our awareness of the blessings and curses in our lives, resulting from our obedience or disobedience toward G-d’s directives. This is an active principle of the Torah, that will draw us back to H’Shem upon its actual realization:

“And it shall come to pass, when all these things are come upon thee, the blessing and the curse, which I have set before thee, and thou shalt bethink thyself [take it to heart] among all the nations, whither HaShem thy G-d hath driven thee, and shalt return unto HaShem thy G-d” (Deuteronomy 30:1-2, JPS).

When we reflect on the causal connection, between our conduct, and the consequences (both curses and blessings) thereof, then, we will do teshuvah, in acknowledgment of the Almighty’s sovereignty over our lives.

parasha Behaalotecha 5784

“For I brought thee up out of the land of Egypt, and redeemed thee out of the house of bondage, and I sent before thee Moses, Aaron, and Miriam.” – Micah 6:4, JPS 1917 Tanach

Miriam and Aaron were co-leaders of Israel along with their brother, Moses, as well as prophets in their own right. Yet, they feel diminished by Moshe’s uniqueness, when he separated himself out from family life, in order to be more prepared to receive HaShem’s presence at all times. “And they said: ‘Hath the L-RD indeed spoken only with Moses? hath He not spoken also with us?’ And the L-RD heard it” (Numbers 12:2, JPS).

HaShem responds by rebuking Miriam and Aaron, reminding them that the level of prophecy that Moses received is such that the L-RD speaks with him face to face, and that Moses is the trusted one in all His house. He asks Miriam and Aaron, “Wherefore then were ye not afraid to speak against My servant, against Moses?” (Numbers 12:8, JPS).

Then HaShem strikes Miriam with leprosy; although, upon Moshe’s immediate plea to heal her, the L-RD heals her; yet, she is placed in quarantine for seven days. She is treated as a metzorah (similar to a leper), wherein she is removed to the outer limits of the camp. This, like any metzorah who receives the same treatment, will give Miriam time to reflect upon her criticism.

We must do the same, when we are cognizant of offending others. Too often, we speak freely, without thinking of the consequences. Moreover, we disrespect others, when we do not recognize their own integrity and uniqueness. Criticism almost always has a negative impact on the individual who is targeted; except if it is constructive feedback said out of compassion.

parasha Nasso 5784

“When a man or woman shall commit any sin that men commit, to commit a trespass against the L-RD, and that soul be guilty; then they shall confess their sin which they have done.” – Numbers 5:6-7, JPS 1917 Tanach

According to the Talmud (Pesachim 54a), G-d created teshuvah (repentance), before the creation of the world. This teaching connotes the significance of teshuvah for tikkun hanefesh (rectification of the soul), and tikkun olam (repair of the world). In light of another passage in the Talmud (Megillah 13b), that speaks of the remedy being created before the wound, teshuvah is elevated to a panacea, an all-around cure, capable of transforming lives.

The first person to do teshuvah (repentance), as recorded in the Torah is Yehudah. He publicly acknowledged his transgression, after realizing his guilt. Also, King David, upon hearing a mashal (parable) about a rich man who had many sheep; yet, demanded the one and only sheep of a poor person for dinner, was told by the prophet that he was that man; consequently, he immediately confessed his sin. If only we had the resolve of biblical proportion to act in a decisive way, without hesitance, in recognizing our trespasses against G-d and man.

A sincere confession is necessary to diminish the influence of the yetzer hara (evil inclination), designating past ways of transgression to the past, in order to begin anew (Maimonides). Acknowledging past mistakes, and attitudes, as well as behaviors that are not in accord with a righteous way of living is an act of character, that supplements self-improvement.

“And to him that ordereth his way aright will I show the salvation of G-d” (Psalm 50:23, JPS). When we improve upon our ways, our efforts will elicit a response from Above. For, HaShem gives us the opportunity to do teshuvah, to rectify our ways, so that we may be reconciled to Him.

parasha Emor 5784 – Time & Place

The Ubiquity of the Sabbath

“It is a Shabbat for the L-RD, in all your dwelling places.”

– Leviticus 23:3

Why does the Torah specify, “in all your dwelling places?” Ibn Ezra comments, “In your country and outside of your country, at home and on the way” (sefaria.org). Sforno writes, that the specification “indicates that the commencement and conclusion of the Sabbath depends on the local times of day and night, not on a central location” (sefaria.org).

And Chizkuni notes that “the Sabbath laws apply regardless of whether you are in the Holy Land or in exile” (sefaria.org). Within the framework of this line of reasoning, the Sabbath, as Abraham Heschel points out, is a time designation, regardless of place.

Therefore, whereas the moadim are mentioned in the previous verse, some significance can be understood, in regard to the Sabbath. Perhaps, it is as if to imply that on the moadim, when you travel to Jerusalem, to observe the shalosh regalim, three holidays in Jerusalem, these are considered Sabbaths, and must also be observed as Shabbat, outside of Jerusalem, as well, for all who are unable to make the journey to Jerusalem.

This would have relevancy to the Jews living outside of Israel, after the dispersions, beginning with the Babylonian exile, as well as the Roman exile. Furthermore, this has primary relevance for us today, as well. For, only in Jerusalem, do the moadim become holidays observed in both time and place, according to Torah.

Even though we observe, for the most part, these holidays in the synagogue today, this was not the original intention, and is only a modern substitute, in lieu of all of the Yehudim being gathered back into Israel. Yet, when Moshiach reigns from Jerusalem, we may all observe the holidays in time and place.

parasha Kedoshim 5784

“And G-d created man in His own image, in the image of God created He him; male and female created He them” (Genesis 1:27, JPS). We are created b’tzelem Elokim – in the image of G-d – as is written. We are to imitate G-d, in a sincere effort to live up to that image. In specific, we should focus our efforts on an attempt to approach His level of holiness, even if this may not seem like it is within our own power to do so.

“Speak unto all the congregation of the children of Israel, and say unto them: Ye shall be holy; for I the L-RD your G-d am holy” (Leviticus 19:2, JPS). The question may be asked, relevant to the theme of obtaining kedushah (holiness) in our lives, how are we even able to approach the level of G-d’s holiness? We may understand this level of holiness as an ideal standard, that we are to set as our goal. Yet, its attainment is by no means easy, nor even possible without HaShem at the helm of our ship, guiding our way upon the ocean of life.

The opening verse, “You shall be holy, because HaShem your Gd is holy,” serves as a guiding principle, that continues to be expounded upon throughout the rest of the parasha. The principle of holiness is applied even to what might otherwise be considered as the mundane affairs of mankind. For example, consider the following commandment:

“Ye shall do no unrighteousness in judgment, in meteyard, in weight, or in measure” (Leviticus 19:35, JPS 1917 Tanach). The Torah calls for “equal weights and measures.” As is mentioned elsewhere, “Divers weights, and divers measures, both of them alike are abomination to the L-RD” (Proverbs 20:10, JPS 1917 Tanach). Although, we are not all merchants, called to right business practices, this commandment may be considered in regard to the positive character trait of honesty. Many others follow.

parasha Ki Tisa 5784

weekly Torah reading: parasha Ki Tisa 5784 – Compassionate Consideration

“And the L-RD passed by before him, and proclaimed: ‘The L-RD, the L-RD G-d, merciful and gracious, long-suffering, and abundant in goodness and truth: keeping mercy unto the thousandth generation, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin” – Exodus 34:6-7

H’Shem acknowledges the fallen “human condition” of mankind; therefore, He is merciful to potential sinners, even knowing that they will, indeed, sin. This act of compassion towards those who are prone to sin, denotes the mercy associated with His name. For how can frail man be treated with ill intentions by the One Who is “Compassionate and Gracious, Slow to Anger, and Abundant in Kindness and Truth” (Exodus 34:6)?

Rather, let this serve as a model for us human beings, within the framework of our relationships to each other; for, we may learn to be tolerant of others, who we might otherwise despise, if we, regrettably took the stance of a haughty attitude towards them. Moreover, we do not know whether or not someone will engage in unlawful (sinful) behavior; therefore, we should not judge anyone who might seem inclined towards a less than godly life.

There is hope for K’lal Yisrael, including ourselves when we fall. For HaShem is also “Forgiver of Iniquity, Willful Sin, and Error” (34:7). This is our reassurance, that when we are unfaithful to the stipulations of the Sinai covenant, HaShem is still faithful to us. Like unto His forgiveness of B’nei Yisrael, regarding the golden calf debacle, in response to the compassion that Moses elicited from Him through his prayer on behalf of the people; this is also a model for us, to seek HaShem’s forgiveness, when we fall prey to temptation. “Pardon our iniquity and our sin, and take us for Thine inheritance” (Exodus 34:9, JPS 1917 Tanach).

parasha Terumah 5784

“Tell the Israelite people to bring Me gifts; you shall accept gifts for Me from every person whose heart so moves him.” – Exodus 25:2, JPS 1985 Tanach

While H’Shem conversed with Moshe on Mount Sinai, He gave him the instructions for the building of the Mishkan. In order for the Mishkan [portable tabernacle in the desert] to be built, first, a collection was necessary. The collection was a freewill offering of the people for H’Shem, for the sake of building a sanctuary, where H’Shem would dwell. Everyone gave according to what their heart inspired them to give.

The sin of the golden calf preceded the building of the mishkan (tabernacle). The gold used to build the calf, was contributed by the men, who gathered the earrings for the cause of making an idolatrous calf. “Take off the gold rings that are on the ears of your wives, your sons, and your daughters, and bring them to me” (Exodus 32:2, JPS 1985 Tanach).

When Moses returned from on top of Sinai, he shattered the tablets upon discerning the idolatrous revelry focused on the golden calf; thus, in effect, the covenant was symbolically broken upon its intended reception (Jeremiah 31:32). Incidentally, the covenant was not renewed, until Moshe spent another forty days on the mountain; and, brought down the second set of tablets. Yet, first, Moshe pleaded on behalf of B’nei Yisrael for H’Shem to forgive their descent into idolatry. Moreover, it can be understood that even before the actual transgression, the remedy for the sin had already been given to Moshe on the mountain, when he received the instructions regarding all of the details for the building of the Mishkan (Tabernacle).

“The Tabernacle was a form of atonement for the sin of the golden calf” (Or HaChayim, JT Shekalim 1:5, sefaria.org). The collection itself of the materials for the construction of the mishkan served as a form of repentance; inasmuch that the collection was designated as a free will offering; this reflects the nature of teshuvah (repentance).