The Tree of Life

parasha Terumah 5784

“Tell the Israelite people to bring Me gifts; you shall accept gifts for Me from every person whose heart so moves him.” – Exodus 25:2, JPS 1985 Tanach

While H’Shem conversed with Moshe on Mount Sinai, He gave him the instructions for the building of the Mishkan. In order for the Mishkan [portable tabernacle in the desert] to be built, first, a collection was necessary. The collection was a freewill offering of the people for H’Shem, for the sake of building a sanctuary, where H’Shem would dwell. Everyone gave according to what their heart inspired them to give.

The sin of the golden calf preceded the building of the mishkan (tabernacle). The gold used to build the calf, was contributed by the men, who gathered the earrings for the cause of making an idolatrous calf. “Take off the gold rings that are on the ears of your wives, your sons, and your daughters, and bring them to me” (Exodus 32:2, JPS 1985 Tanach).

When Moses returned from on top of Sinai, he shattered the tablets upon discerning the idolatrous revelry focused on the golden calf; thus, in effect, the covenant was symbolically broken upon its intended reception (Jeremiah 31:32). Incidentally, the covenant was not renewed, until Moshe spent another forty days on the mountain; and, brought down the second set of tablets. Yet, first, Moshe pleaded on behalf of B’nei Yisrael for H’Shem to forgive their descent into idolatry. Moreover, it can be understood that even before the actual transgression, the remedy for the sin had already been given to Moshe on the mountain, when he received the instructions regarding all of the details for the building of the Mishkan (Tabernacle).

“The Tabernacle was a form of atonement for the sin of the golden calf” (Or HaChayim, JT Shekalim 1:5, sefaria.org). The collection itself of the materials for the construction of the mishkan served as a form of repentance; inasmuch that the collection was designated as a free will offering; this reflects the nature of teshuvah (repentance).

Redemption Price

motzei Shabbos: parasha Mishpatim (Exodus 21:1 – 24:18) 5784

“And a redeemer will come to Zion, and unto them that turn from transgression in Jacob, saith the L-RD.” – Isaiah 59:20, JPS 1917 Tanach

“If thou buy a Hebrew servant, six years he shall serve; and in the seventh he shall go out free for nothing” (Exodus 21:2). A remez (hint) to the Final Redemption, can be found in the commandment in regard to a Hebrew servant who serves another Hebrew. He is redeemed from bondage at the end of six years; a Hebrew who was a slave in Egypt is not meant to be a perpetual slave again. At the completion of six thousand years of history, the Geulah (Redemption) occurs, the restoration of Israel, and establishment of HaShem’s Kingdom .

Additionally, another commandment obligates a fellow Hebrew to redeem a brother who had been sold as a servant to a gentile. In this case, he is redeemed by a relative, through a redemption price, given to the gentile. “Any that is nigh of kin unto him of his family may redeem him” (Leviticus 25:49, JPS). The relative who redeems his brother is called the goel.

The Hebrew word goel may also be understood as a reference to Moshiach (Messiah). He is like the goel who is obligated to redeem his Jewish brother from slavery. How much more so is he sent to redeem his brethren? As is written: “And a redeemer will come to Zion, and unto them that turn from transgression in Jacob, saith the L-RD” (uva l’tzion, Isaiah 59:20, JPS).

parasha Mishpatim 5784

“The ineffable inhabits the magnificent and the common, the grandiose and the tiny facts of reality alike.” – Heschel, Abraham Joshua; Man Is Not Alone

There are extraordinary events, such as the Revelation at Sinai, and there are ordinary events, such as the litany of civil laws listed by the Torah. What do these have in common? The connection to the Ineffable. The same is true in our lives to a lesser or greater degree, inasmuch as certain events in our lives hold profound meaning and are spiritually uplifting. For other circumstances in our lives, within the mundane reality of the everyday world that we find ourselves encountering, these contain a hidden divine element as well.

All spheres of life, both sacred and the mundane are intertwined with the divine. The sanctity of the moment is not dependent upon an external display of spirituality, rather on the concealed nature of the significance of what might otherwise appear mundane. Moreover, we do not want to mistake the manifestation of G-d’s presence through His shefa (divine flow), for an uplifting emotional experience.

In regard to the sanctity of Shabbat, there is a transition from a spiritual experience into the six days of the week, a shift from sacred time to the mundane. Yet, the juxtaposition of the revelation at Sinai to the giving of civil laws teaches us something unique in regard to how to understand these two spheres of life.

The parasha opens with the words v’eilah mishpatim – and these are the judgments. The use of the word, “and” implies that there is a connection to the previous parasha. Why the juxtaposition of the awe-inspiring Revelation at Mt. Sinai with the relatively dry recapitulation of tedious ordinances concerning civil life?

The Torah may be viewed as teaching us an important lesson. Serving G-d is not only about the heightened awareness of a spiritual experience in our lives; our walk with HaShem also involves living our lives, in a manner that is in accordance with “every word spoken from the mouth of G-d” (Deuteronomy 8:3).

The Mindful Moment

What prevents you from experiencing each moment of your life more fully? Consider that every moment has the potential to reveal a rich connection to ourselves, beyond what we perform by default in a rote manner. By rote, I mean any activity performed unthinkingly, on automatic, without giving deliberate attention to that activity. For instance, I noticed that I often rush through a beracha over food, skipping the first part, wherein HaShem is acknowledged, and going right to the individual ending such as borei pri haEtz or borei pri haAdamah. Why? It is because of what I refer to as “background anxiety.” This is the kind of anxiety that remains, for the most part, unnoticed. Otherwise, it is part and parcel of being caught up in the momentum of a hectic pace.

What is necessary, from a psychological standpoint is to shift from the automatic mind to the conscious mind. These two modes of thinking depict the difference between running on automatic, in reaction mode to responding to the moments we encounter in life, without letting our emotions rule. This is important, to have an awareness of what state of mind we are in, and once we become aware of moving unthinkingly through a task or moment in time, to interrupt the reactive brain and shift into a more conscious and mindful state of mind. This can be done as simply as pausing, taking a deep breath, and slowing down, to focus more in the moment.

Mesillas Yesharim (Path of the Just) teaches that awareness is a necessary component of spiritual growth. Everything starts with awareness and conscious choice. We do not want to live mindless lives. Yet, the more aware I become of my ways, the more I realize that I often do not move through life in a deliberate, conscious way. Rather, I speak without thinking, repeat talking points without evaluating them, and react emotionally, without restraint. Changing habitual patterns of behavior is challenging; yet, it is possible, with continual effort. So, stop, pause, and reflect enough to focus on your inner state, while tuning out any distractions. Incorporate this practice into your life for the best results.

motzei Shabbos: Yisro 5784

It is the commandments, themselves, engraved on the tablets, that give us a greater freedom, than freedom from the bondage of slavery in Egypt, procured through the demonstration of HaShem’s sovereignty over His Creation, when He intervened within the parameters of nature, in order to bring the plagues upon Egypt.

As long as we are slaves to our yetzer hara, our evil inclination, that attempts to lead us astray from the path of righteousness, we are in bondage to our lesser selves, replete with all of our insecurities, negative character traits, and moral taint. Yet, it is through our obedience to the laws of Torah, the commandments given at Sinai, that can free us from the persistent efforts of the yetzer hara to throw us off track.

The Hebrew word, cherut, meaning “engrave,” used in the Torah passage where the Ten Commandments are engraved on the two stone tablets bears out this teaching. A change in the vowelization of the word cherut, changes the meaning to “free.”

May the words of the Torah continue to bring us the understanding that we need to lead productive lives that will benefit others, as well as our own soul, so that we can walk on the path of righteousness toward more prolific freedom in our lives.

Moreover, in like manner that G-d intervened, in order to free Bnei Yisrael from slavery, may He also intervene in our own lives, to give us the spiritual strength to conquer the negativity in our lives, that keeps us from fulfilling our potential, under G-d’s directive.

parasha Yisro 5784

“And He said: ‘Certainly I shall be with thee; and this shall be the token unto thee, that I have sent thee: when thou hast brought forth the people out of Egypt, ye shall serve G-d upon this mountain.” – Exodus 3:12, JPS 1917 Tanach

“I promise thee that when thou hast brought them forth from Egypt ye will serve Me upon this mountain — i.e. that ye will receive the Torah upon it.” – Rashi, sefaria.org

When G-d spoke to Moshe at the burning bush, Moshe asked, “Who am I, that I should go unto Pharaoh, and that I should bring forth the children of Israel out of Egypt?” (Exodus 3:11, JPS). G-d assured Moshe, despite his own doubts, that he would know that he was chosen as the redeemer of B’nei Yisrael, when he would “serve G-d on this mountain,” that B’nei Yisrael “would serve Him at the very spot Moses was standing on at that moment” (Or HaChayim, sefaria.org). This was the culmination of the Exodus from Egypt – the giving of the Torah on Mount Sinai. “And it came to pass on the third day, when it was morning, that there were thunders and lightnings and a thick cloud upon the mount, and the voice of a horn [shofar] exceeding loud; and all the people that were in the camp trembled” (Exodus 19:16, JPS).

On Sinai, HaShem’s appearance was accompanied by thunder and lightning. Rashi explains that HaShem preceded the people, by appearing on Mount Sinai first, even before Moshe went up to receive the commandments. He explains that usually a teacher does not wait for the pupil; however, HaShem’s august Majesty preceded Him, and His Presence alighted on the mountaintop.

reflection: Lightening the Burden

brief reflection on 2nd aliyah of parasha Yisro 5784

Moses sat as magistrate (judge) over the people, while the people stood before him, with their inquiries of G-d. Moshe’s father-in-law, Yisro, gave him advice, saying that rather than wear himself out, and the people, he should delegate his ruling capacities to others, while only ruling himself on the more important cases.

Our burdens, cares, and worries should not be kept to ourselves. At the very least, through journaling, in a private journal, the act of writing down our concerns in life, will help to lift the weight off of our shoulders, as they are transferred to paper by pen or pencil, or onto a digital medium, typing out words formed by pixels.

As individuals, we can also reflect later upon what we have written, so that we can learn from our experience. Our nisyanos (sorrows) can become transformative, so that we may find joy later down the road. Yet, if we persist in our ways, we have no recourse toward self-improvement.

Moreover, through words, the expression of our inner thoughts become clearer, than before we spoke or wrote down what we want to convey, about our concerns. Our lives become better in terms of the quality of our lived experience. This is true as well, for the lives of others, because our newfound lightness of spirit and renewal of heart and mind will have a positive influence on others.

It is important to keep in mind, that we should first and foremost cast our burdens upon HaShem, so that He may lighten the load for us. Yet, it does help to be self-reflexive by writing out our thoughts first, and contemplating our ways and challenges in life.

Then, once we are clear on the perspective, from outside of our problems, rather than caught up in their sway, we can better formulate the words to describe the issues we are facing, and make a clear plea to G-d, or share with others. For the bold, even blogging our personal realizations may serve to help others, to learn from our own experience.

shiur: parasha Beshalach 5784

motzei Shabbos shiur: parasha Beshalach 5784 – Sweet Waters

“And Moses led Israel onward from the Red Sea, and they went out into the wilderness of Shur; and they went three days in the wilderness and found no water.” – Exodus 15:22, JPS

For three days after the miracle of the splitting of the sea that led to their deliverance, they were without water. This provided a test of their emunah in G-d, to prove if they trusted that He would provide for them, even though the situation appeared bleak. Yet, upon arriving at Marah, they complained, because the only water source was too bitter for them to drink.

According to Rashi, instead of grumbling, they should have approached Moshe in a respectful manner, saying, “Entreat mercy for us that we may have water to drink” (Rashi on Exodus 15:25, sefaria.org). Regardless, Moshe responded by crying out to H’Shem, Who showed him a tree, to cast into the water, in order to make the bitter waters sweet (Exodus 15:25).

“There He made for them a statute and an ordinance, and there he proved them” (Exodus 15:25, JPS). The test was designed, “to find out if they would be willing to accept statutes, i.e., laws not given to our intelligence to understand, as well as social legislation” (Sforno, sefaria.org). If so, this would determine their receptivity to the commandments that would be given at Sinai.

Thus, to accept that despite all understanding, a tree that is thrown into bitter waters will somehow have the effect of purifying those waters, so that they are no longer bitter, rather, that they become sweet, was a “lithmus test” of sorts, that would indicate their level of acceptance of commandments, some that have no apparent rational basis, and others that could only be understood over time.

We may remind ourselves of this teaching, by taking this to heart, in regard to our own belief and practice, within the context of the yoke of heaven: the acceptance of the commandments as incumbent upon us to observe, in all diligence, ultimately, for our own benefit. Whether we understand the nature of those commandments on a rational basis or not. It is acquiescence to the authority of the Giver of the commandments that is crucial.

“And He said: ‘If thou wilt diligently hearken to the voice of HaShem thy G-d, and wilt do that which is right in His eyes, and wilt give ear to His commandments, and keep all His statutes, I will put none of the diseases upon thee, which I have put upon the Egyptians; for I am the L-RD that healeth thee.’” – Exodus 15:26, JPS 1917 Tanach

parasha Beshalach 5784

Moving Forward into the Waters of Renewal

The Children of Israel, in their haste to leave Egypt were undeterred in their flight to freedom. Yet, they were fleeing with a purpose, moving toward the culmination of the Exodus. Rather than running away, they were running toward their newfound destiny as a people, who would enter an eternal covenant with G-d at Sinai. Despite the many years of captivity that had worn heavy on their souls, they now had volition as a free people, yearning for the fulfillment of the dreams of a Promised Land that had been passed down to them from generation to generation.

On the precipice of freedom from their past, they are pursued by Pharaoh and his chariots, horses and riders (Exodus 14:8-9). For Pharaoh and his courtiers had a change of heart; he relented of letting the people go free from serving Egypt (Exodus 14:5). And the Egyptian people also changed their minds. What caused this reversal of thought, concerning Bnei Yisrael, who went into the desert, at the behest of Pharaoh and his courtiers, who urged them to leave, after the last straw, when the Plague of the First Born took the life of an Egyptian in every household?

Ohr HaChayim comments, that for the Egyptian people, reality finally settled in, after several days, and they realized that there was now a great gap in the work force, whereof they would need to make up the difference. There had never been an ounce of compassion toward the Children of Israel. If there had been, then the Egyptians would not want to put them under servitude again. Only fear for the sake of self-preservation motivated them to oust the Hebrews.

Pharaoh’s hard-heartedness returned, replete with his pride, compelling him to retrieve the Hebrew people. The fear for his life that prompted him to let them go, now became fear of survival, without the people he enslaved. His recklessness led his army into a greater peril. Pharaoh and his army raced headlong to their ruin, without considering the lessons they should have learned throughout the Makos (Plagues).

“An the L-RD said unto Moses: ‘Wherefore criest thou unto Me? Speak unto the children of Israel, that they go forward.” – Exodus 14:15, JPS 1917 Tanach

buy me a cup of coffee

shiur: Tu b’Shevat 5784

Tu b’Shevat 5784

“When in your war against a city you have to besiege it a long time in order to capture it, you must not destroy its trees, wielding the ax against them. You may eat of them, but you must not cut them down. Are trees of the field human to withdraw before you into the besieged city? Only trees that you know do not yield food may be destroyed; you may cut them down for constructing siegeworks against the city that is waging war on you, until it has been reduced.” – Deuteronomy 20:19-20, JPS 1985 Tanach

From this, we learn that man can be likened to a tree. Despite the text’s implication, that trees are not like men, because they are stationary, and can not take refuge in a besieged city like men can do, in order to avoid the ensuing danger, there are some points to be made. Rashi’s comments, based upon the Hebrew, shows that the verse may be rendered as such: perhaps, a tree is like a man? If so, how can a tree be likened to a man? How can a person be likened to a tree?

“One whose deeds are greater than his wisdom, to what is he compared? To a tree with many roots and few branches, which all the storms in the world cannot budge from its place.” – Pirkei Avot 3:17