Moses – The Tree of Life

dvar Nasso 5785

All human beings have the capacity to hope. When the B’nei Yisrael were enslaved in Egypt, their hope rested upon the promise of redemption, brought to them by the redeemer who would proclaim that G-d has remembered you, you are not forgotten. Being strangers in a strange land, the first generation of Joseph’s family were aware of the prophetic message to be delivered, and passed that onto successive generations. So, when Moshe arrived, and spoke those words, given to Him by HaShem, he was received by the people in earnest expectation of the redemption.

The culmination of this hope was manifested at Mount Sinai, where the Commandments were given after HaShem appeared to Moshe in the midst of cloud on the mountain. The people heard His voice for at least two of the commandments, and they saw the thunder and lightning. When the Mishkan was completed, HaShem took up residence in the sanctuary, appearing only when communicating to Moshe. And, “he heard the Voice speaking to him” (Numbers 7:89). In like manner that HaShem spoke to Moshe on Mt. Sinai, He spoke to Him in the sanctuary from behind the veil. This parallels the hiddenness of his presence in the clouds, now hidden behind the veil. Moreover, when Aaron went into the Kadosh Kadoshim it was only with incense, so the smoke would hide HaShem’s presence.

It is the same, when we seek to approach HaShem. Inasmuch that we need to search for Him in the darkness of our lives, His presence can be found in the midst of our nisyanos. We may find Him in the quietude of our inner sanctuary, where we may seek solace. Enter within, whether in the silence of the night or early morning hours. Hisbodedut, meditation in the form of speaking to Him with our own words is essential for the soul. In the midst of the darkness there is hope.

parasha Korach 5784

It is written in Pirkei Avos that every controversy that is for the sake of heaven will endure, while every argument that is not “in the name of Heaven” will not endure. The discussions between Shammai and Hillel are an example of those that endure. The dispute of Korach was a rebellious argument that was not destined to endure (Pirkei Avos 5:20). Rather, Korach was destined to be punished from the beginning of human history, inasmuch that the mouth of the earth that swallowed Korach and his followers is said to have been created on twilight of Shabbat Eve (Pirkei Avos 5:9).

Korach separated himself from the assembly of HaShem. He purported to champion the people, inasmuch that he claimed that everyone was holy, saying that Moses and Aaron should not lift themselves “above the assembly of HaShem” (Numbers 16:3, JPS 1917 Tanach); commentary explains that Korach wanted Aaron’s position of Kohein Gadol (High Priest) for himself. He did not recognize that both Moshe and Aaron were G-d appointed; rather, he felt that they unfairly took the positions of leadership for themselves. His accusation revealed his own devious intent.

With the rebellion looming over Moses and Aaron, poised to overthrow them, HaShem told Moses and Aaron to separate themselves from the congregation, so that He might consume the entire congregation (Numbers 16:21). Yet, the people themselves cried out to G-d, appealing to His nature as omniscient (all-knowing):

“And they fell upon their faces, and said: O G-d, the G-d of the spirits of all flesh, shall one man sin, and wilt Thou be wroth with all the congregation?”
– Numbers 16:22, JPS 1917 Tanach

The people appealed to G-d, Who knows the hearts of all men, including their thoughts, inasmuch that in this specific case, He knew who was loyal to Him, and who was disloyal. So, the people pleaded on behalf of themselves, that G-d would distinguish between the conspirators, and those of the people who still trusted in Him.

Shabbat shalom.
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tsedokah appreciated

parasha Behaalotecha 5784

“For I brought thee up out of the land of Egypt, and redeemed thee out of the house of bondage, and I sent before thee Moses, Aaron, and Miriam.” – Micah 6:4, JPS 1917 Tanach

Miriam and Aaron were co-leaders of Israel along with their brother, Moses, as well as prophets in their own right. Yet, they feel diminished by Moshe’s uniqueness, when he separated himself out from family life, in order to be more prepared to receive HaShem’s presence at all times. “And they said: ‘Hath the L-RD indeed spoken only with Moses? hath He not spoken also with us?’ And the L-RD heard it” (Numbers 12:2, JPS).

HaShem responds by rebuking Miriam and Aaron, reminding them that the level of prophecy that Moses received is such that the L-RD speaks with him face to face, and that Moses is the trusted one in all His house. He asks Miriam and Aaron, “Wherefore then were ye not afraid to speak against My servant, against Moses?” (Numbers 12:8, JPS).

Then HaShem strikes Miriam with leprosy; although, upon Moshe’s immediate plea to heal her, the L-RD heals her; yet, she is placed in quarantine for seven days. She is treated as a metzorah (similar to a leper), wherein she is removed to the outer limits of the camp. This, like any metzorah who receives the same treatment, will give Miriam time to reflect upon her criticism.

We must do the same, when we are cognizant of offending others. Too often, we speak freely, without thinking of the consequences. Moreover, we disrespect others, when we do not recognize their own integrity and uniqueness. Criticism almost always has a negative impact on the individual who is targeted; except if it is constructive feedback said out of compassion.

parasha Behar 5784

“And the L-RD spoke unto Moses in Mount Sinai, saying: Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them: When ye come into the land which I give you, then shall the land keep a Sabbath unto the L-RD.” – Leviticus 25:1-2, JPS 1917 Tanach

The Torah, specifically, mentions that the commandment of Shemitah, wherein the land is to lie fallow every seven years, “a Sabbath unto the L-RD,” was given on Mount Sinai. Why is this particular commandment, singled out, as being given at Mount Sinai? The Sages say, that this serves as a reminder that all the commandments, not only the Decalogue – the Ten Commandments – were given at Sinai. Yet, this still does not answer the question, why is the commandment of Shemitah given prominence?

Shemitah is a commandment that requires strong emunah (faith): for it is the trust in HaShem to provide enough crops in the previous year, to eat, while the land lies fallow, until the third year, when the harvest arrives. Emunah (faith), the essential element that was initially exhibited at Sinai, when B’nei Yisrael committed to observing the commandments, before actually hearing them (na’aseh v’nishmah) is exemplified in regard to the commandment of Shemitah.

This faith is integral to receiving the commandments on Sinai, inasmuch that G-d guarantees that during the seventh year, when the land lies fallow, He provides enough food from the previous year, to last throughout the seventh year, as well as the next year, when the crops are being planted. Only HaShem could make this guarantee; so, we see the connection.

parasha Kedoshim 5784

“And G-d created man in His own image, in the image of God created He him; male and female created He them” (Genesis 1:27, JPS). We are created b’tzelem Elokim – in the image of G-d – as is written. We are to imitate G-d, in a sincere effort to live up to that image. In specific, we should focus our efforts on an attempt to approach His level of holiness, even if this may not seem like it is within our own power to do so.

“Speak unto all the congregation of the children of Israel, and say unto them: Ye shall be holy; for I the L-RD your G-d am holy” (Leviticus 19:2, JPS). The question may be asked, relevant to the theme of obtaining kedushah (holiness) in our lives, how are we even able to approach the level of G-d’s holiness? We may understand this level of holiness as an ideal standard, that we are to set as our goal. Yet, its attainment is by no means easy, nor even possible without HaShem at the helm of our ship, guiding our way upon the ocean of life.

The opening verse, “You shall be holy, because HaShem your Gd is holy,” serves as a guiding principle, that continues to be expounded upon throughout the rest of the parasha. The principle of holiness is applied even to what might otherwise be considered as the mundane affairs of mankind. For example, consider the following commandment:

“Ye shall do no unrighteousness in judgment, in meteyard, in weight, or in measure” (Leviticus 19:35, JPS 1917 Tanach). The Torah calls for “equal weights and measures.” As is mentioned elsewhere, “Divers weights, and divers measures, both of them alike are abomination to the L-RD” (Proverbs 20:10, JPS 1917 Tanach). Although, we are not all merchants, called to right business practices, this commandment may be considered in regard to the positive character trait of honesty. Many others follow.

Shabbat shalom.
©2024 all rights reserved

Pesach – Seventh Day

“And the L-RD said unto Moses: ‘Wherefore criest thou unto Me? Speak unto the children of Israel, that they go forward.’” – Exodus 14:15, JPS 1917 Tanach

The Children of Israel hesitated. Moshe cried out to G-d. HaShem told him to “Speak to the Children of Israel, that they go forward.” Having already prayed for deliverance, the time was at hand; there was no further need for prayer, despite the imminent threat of the Egyptian army, poised opposite the encampment of B’nei Yisrael at the Sea of Reeds.

An east wind from HaShem caused the sea to part, and dried the floor of the sea for the safe passage of the Children Israel. Of this miracle, Melchita notes, as commentary to the Children of Israels words in the song of Moshe, “This is my G-d, and I will exalt Him” (see Exodus 15:2), that even the lowliest handmaid saw in terms of HaShem’s revelation through the forces of nature, what the prophets, later in Jewish history did not see.

The level of kedushah (holiness) that they received through the sublime experience at Sinai, when HaShem revealed Himself to them, brought them to a level. Then, after crossing through the sea, as a cleansed vessel, the Shechinah dwelt within them. The Sea served as a mikveh, whereas tevilah (immersion) was symbolic of a new start, a renewal of mind, body, and spirit; in essence, a rebirth, through purification in a mikveh, and the indwelling of the Shechinah.

The Cloud of Glory that protected the B’nei Yisrael, while encamped at the Sea of Reeds, was the external manifestation of the Shechinah, hidden within “the pillar of cloud that removed before them, and stood behind them,” protecting them from the Egyptians (Exodus 14:19-21, JPS). This is the renewal and protection that we seek today in the face of adversity.

Passover 5784

While in bondage in Mitzraim (Egypt), the B’nei Yisrael had sunk to the 49th level of impurity, having neglected to distance themselves from the surrounding environment of idolatry (Pesachim 116a). The Midrash records that when about to cross through the Sea of Reeds, the angels questioned their merit, saying both these and those, i.e., the Children of Israel and the Egyptians, were both idol worshippers. Why should these be spared, and the others not? Yet, HaShem honored the covenant that he made with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, in order to bring His newly acquired nation out of bondage, and into covenant relationship with Him through the Torah.

HaShem brought us out of Egypt to Mount Sinai, where He gave us the Torah. He had said to Moses, “This shall be the token unto thee, that I have sent thee: when thou hast brought forth the people out of Egypt, ye shall serve G-d upon this mountain” (Exodus 3:12, JPS 1917 Tanach). The revelation of Mount Sinai was the pinnacle of the redemption. “The tablets were the work of G-d, and the writing was the writing of G-d, graven upon the tablets” (Exodus 32:16, JPS). The Hebrew word for engrave is charut. The Sages note that the word cherut, meaning “freedom” is from the same shoresh (root word). This implies that our true freedom is derived through Torah.

B’nei Yisrael, in a manner of speaking, was also enslaved to sin in Egypt, having assimilated to the immorality of Egypt at that time. Although freed from actual physical bondage, they were still slaves to sin; yet, through the Torah, we may seek freedom from bondage to the yetzer harah (the evil inclination). We may break through the limitations of our own personal Mitzraim (Egypt; from “nitzavim,” limitations), and, figuratively speaking, pass through the Yam Suf (Dividing of the Sea), into the freedom that entails a responsibility to follow our yetzer tov (good inclination).

Chag sameach.
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dvar Shemini 5784

This parasha begins with the culmination of the inauguration service for the Kohanim, on the eighth day of the inauguration. The parasha begins with the Hebrew word vayehi, that has a special significance in regard to what is about to occur. According to the Talmud, “Anywhere that the word vayehi is stated, it is an ominous term indicating nothing other than impending grief, as if the word were a contraction of the words vai and hi, meaning woe and mourning” (Megillah 10b, sefaria.org).

What proceeds on Nissan 1st – the eighth day of the inauguration – is the semi-permanent construction of the mishkan, and the beginning of the roles of the kohanim within the framework of the Levitical system of offerings. Yet, it is a bittersweet moment, because if it had not been for the sin of the golden calf, the construction of the mishkan would not have been necessary. As Sforno explains, originally, every Israelite would have been worthy of receiving HaShem’s presence, manifested as the Shechinah, without the need for the Tabernacle.

The parallel to this intention is found in the pasuk, “And let them make Me a sanctuary, that I may dwell among them” (Exodus 25:8, JPS). This verse can also be rendered as “so that I may dwell within them,” meaning each and every Israelite. So that Bnei Yisrael was meant for a closeness with HaShem that would have been bestowed upon them, because of the level that they were at initially at Sinai.

This is still something that we should aspire to today, by making ourselves a mishkan that will receive His Presence, as result of our sanctification through the commandments. This does not exclude the expectation of the rebuilding of the Temple in Jerusalem; rather, His presence within us is complementary to where he will rest his visible presence at that time. Shavua tov.

parasha Terumah 5784

“Tell the Israelite people to bring Me gifts; you shall accept gifts for Me from every person whose heart so moves him.” – Exodus 25:2, JPS 1985 Tanach

While H’Shem conversed with Moshe on Mount Sinai, He gave him the instructions for the building of the Mishkan. In order for the Mishkan [portable tabernacle in the desert] to be built, first, a collection was necessary. The collection was a freewill offering of the people for H’Shem, for the sake of building a sanctuary, where H’Shem would dwell. Everyone gave according to what their heart inspired them to give.

The sin of the golden calf preceded the building of the mishkan (tabernacle). The gold used to build the calf, was contributed by the men, who gathered the earrings for the cause of making an idolatrous calf. “Take off the gold rings that are on the ears of your wives, your sons, and your daughters, and bring them to me” (Exodus 32:2, JPS 1985 Tanach).

When Moses returned from on top of Sinai, he shattered the tablets upon discerning the idolatrous revelry focused on the golden calf; thus, in effect, the covenant was symbolically broken upon its intended reception (Jeremiah 31:32). Incidentally, the covenant was not renewed, until Moshe spent another forty days on the mountain; and, brought down the second set of tablets. Yet, first, Moshe pleaded on behalf of B’nei Yisrael for H’Shem to forgive their descent into idolatry. Moreover, it can be understood that even before the actual transgression, the remedy for the sin had already been given to Moshe on the mountain, when he received the instructions regarding all of the details for the building of the Mishkan (Tabernacle).

“The Tabernacle was a form of atonement for the sin of the golden calf” (Or HaChayim, JT Shekalim 1:5, sefaria.org). The collection itself of the materials for the construction of the mishkan served as a form of repentance; inasmuch that the collection was designated as a free will offering; this reflects the nature of teshuvah (repentance).

parasha Beshalach 5784

Moving Forward into the Waters of Renewal

The Children of Israel, in their haste to leave Egypt were undeterred in their flight to freedom. Yet, they were fleeing with a purpose, moving toward the culmination of the Exodus. Rather than running away, they were running toward their newfound destiny as a people, who would enter an eternal covenant with G-d at Sinai. Despite the many years of captivity that had worn heavy on their souls, they now had volition as a free people, yearning for the fulfillment of the dreams of a Promised Land that had been passed down to them from generation to generation.

On the precipice of freedom from their past, they are pursued by Pharaoh and his chariots, horses and riders (Exodus 14:8-9). For Pharaoh and his courtiers had a change of heart; he relented of letting the people go free from serving Egypt (Exodus 14:5). And the Egyptian people also changed their minds. What caused this reversal of thought, concerning Bnei Yisrael, who went into the desert, at the behest of Pharaoh and his courtiers, who urged them to leave, after the last straw, when the Plague of the First Born took the life of an Egyptian in every household?

Ohr HaChayim comments, that for the Egyptian people, reality finally settled in, after several days, and they realized that there was now a great gap in the work force, whereof they would need to make up the difference. There had never been an ounce of compassion toward the Children of Israel. If there had been, then the Egyptians would not want to put them under servitude again. Only fear for the sake of self-preservation motivated them to oust the Hebrews.

Pharaoh’s hard-heartedness returned, replete with his pride, compelling him to retrieve the Hebrew people. The fear for his life that prompted him to let them go, now became fear of survival, without the people he enslaved. His recklessness led his army into a greater peril. Pharaoh and his army raced headlong to their ruin, without considering the lessons they should have learned throughout the Makos (Plagues).

“An the L-RD said unto Moses: ‘Wherefore criest thou unto Me? Speak unto the children of Israel, that they go forward.” – Exodus 14:15, JPS 1917 Tanach

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